forcing

noun

1. (countable, uncountable)The act by which someone or something is forced.
2. (countable, uncountable)The art of raising plants at an earlier season than is normal, especially by using a hotbed
3. (countable, uncountable)An extension in the development time of an underexposed negative in order to bring out detail
4. (countable, uncountable)A technique used to prove the consistency of certain axioms in set theory. See forcing (mathematics).
5. (countable)The net flux of energy in or out of a system; the net change in an energy balance.

   “orbital / astronomical forcing (effect on climate of slow changes in the tilt of Earth's axis and shape of its orbit)”

   “[…] in improving the transfer function of these proxy data and in modelling the response of the climate system to the astronomical forcing over the last 3 Ma with a particular attention paid to the phase relations between insolation,[…]”

   “Franz Kuhnert, 18881 2.1 WHY ASTRONOMICAL FORCING? In the 1840s, James Croll assumed that the ice ages were driven by changes in the orbit of the Earth. The astronomical origin was likewise taken as natural by Milutin Milankovitch,[…]”

   “The astronomic forcing of climate In the course of its 4.5 billion-year history, Earth's climate has been relatively warm for about 90% of the time. Climate has changed on long time scales in response to the evolution of the Sun and[…]”

verb

1. (form-of, gerund, participle, present)present participle and gerund of force

adj

1. (not-comparable)Pertaining to a bid which requires partner to continue bidding rather than pass.